Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. " Solar energy applications and development in Nigeria: Drivers and barriers," " Techno-economic analysis of a 10 kWp utility interactive photovoltaic system at Maungaraki school, Wellington, New Zealand,"Įnergy, Elsevier, vol. Emmanuel, Michael & Akinyele, Daniel & Rayudu, Ramesh, 2017.The paper introduces the sustainable planning framework (SPF) based on the STEEP model, which can form a general basis for planning microgrids in any remote location. Better insights into microgrid systems are expected to address the drawbacks and improve the situation that can lead to widespread and sustainable applications in off-grid communities around the world in the future. The study uses remote communities within Nigeria, West Africa, as case studies and demonstrates the need for the STEEP approach for better understanding of microgrid planning and development. The model details the key dimensions and actions necessary for addressing the challenge of microgrid failure in remote communities. It then proposes the STEEP model to examine critically the failure factors based on the social, technical, economic, environmental and policy (STEEP) perspectives. ![]() ![]() This paper first presents a comprehensive review of microgrid technologies and their applications. This development requires research efforts that consider better strategies and framework for sustainable microgrids in remote communities. However, a lack of in-depth considerations for the enabling planning conditions has been identified as a major reason why microgrids fail in several off-grid communities. Several research studies have examined the application issues of microgrids. There is a growing interest in the application of microgrids around the world because of their potential for achieving a flexible, reliable, efficient and smart electrical grid system and supplying energy to off-grid communities, including their economic benefits.
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